A Bit Explanation About Horse Bits

The world of horse bits can often seem like something of a black art. With so many different bits and mouthpieces on the market, it can be easy to see why. When you consider that the bit, in most cases at least, sits inside the horse’s mouth, it’s important to get the right one. So, here is a bit explanation about horse bits.

What Is A Horse Bit?

By definition, a bit is a piece of metal or synthetic material that fits in a horse’s mouth.

Bits normally lay comfortably in the interdental space between the incisors and premolars, commonly called the “bars” of the mouth, unless there are dental issues that need addressing. Most horses are worked in a bridle with a bit; however, horse owners who don’t care for bits will use a hackamore, or “bitless” bridle.

What Is The Purpose Of A Horse Bit?

Contrary to popular belief the bit isn’t designed to actually control the horse, it is, in the simplest of terms designed to communicate the rider’s wishes to the horse. The idea is that the bit applies subtle pressure to the bars of the mouth which are made of sensitive cartilage. The horse is responsive to any movement or pressure on those bars and instinctively moves away from it, which means that they actually move in the direction the rider wants them to go.

The bit works with the reins to apply this pressure but in the case of curb bits, it can also work with the bridle to exert additional pressure on various parts of the horse’s head such as the cheeks, chin, and nose. This additional pressure can either be used to back up that created by the bit or instead of it.

To sum its purpose up in just one sentence, the bit is an aid used by the rider to communicate with the horse.

Will The Bit Hurt My Horse’s Mouth?

The idea of the bit is to apply pressure to the horse’s mouth and or tongue but that doesn’t necessarily mean that it will hurt the horse. Of course in the wrong hands, even the mildest of bits will hurt the horse. But when used properly and with consideration, then the bit won’t hurt a horse’s mouth at all. The mouth of some horses will be more sensitive than others so it’s always better to use the ‘kindest’ bit you can.

It’s always important to use the right bit and mouthpiece for the job. It’s far better to start with a milder bit and then change it if you find that isn’t strong enough.

A 'Bit' Of Concern

If a horse fights to have his bridle put on, you need to determine the reason why. It could be a dental problem such as a wolf tooth or sharp points on the teeth that the bit is pushing into sensitive cheek tissue. The bit could be improperly fitted – too tight and pushing up on the corners of his mouth or too loose and hanging down, banging on his teeth. The bit itself could be too small, pinching his lips. Perhaps the bit is stronger than he needs. Ask your veterinarian or trainer to help if you find that your horse is fighting the bridle or tossing his head when you ride.

Your horse may go through many bit changes throughout his career. Depending on the riding discipline, horse’s temperament and rider style, bits may be changed during training or for competitions. Check periodically to make sure that you are using the right bit both in type and sizing for your horse. Happy Riding!